Circadian Rhythms Essay -- essays research papers

Tomas Izquierdo has not slept since 1945. Due to an attack of encephalitis, an inner mastermind inflammation, his ability to fall dozy was lost at the age of 13. Although he rests with his eyes closed, his brain patterns be those of someone who is fully awake and aware. He has memory problems and very sensitive eyes, precisely is otherwise completely normal. To relax, he usually uses transcendental meditation from about three or four AM until the morning (Coleman 94).Tomas Izquierdo is what one might rallying cry someone without circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the daily sleep patterns of humans. Circadian rhythms tell people when they are more or less alert, when they feel tired, and when they should wake up. These circadian rhythms, tour difficult to research, are important to many industries, as well as a multitude of sleep disorder patients. For several years, scientists and doctors have been seeking a greater understanding of these patterns through constant, diff icult, and fast paced research. The applications of such knowledge would be quite beneficial in shift based industries as well as some special circumstances. As of yet, doctors have been able to determine a few important correlations between internal clip cues and sleep, activities or events that give cues to the brain about what time it is or should be. However, the research is very difficult.Researching sleep is difficult for a variety of reasons. The first reason for difficulty is the nature of experimentation. To truly confiscate the sleep patterns, all time-giving cues, or zietgebers, have to be eliminated. Light, electromagnetic waves, the schedules of researchers, and even the growth of a facial hair on outsiders may lead the radical to guess the time of day. The body can detect even the faintest cues of time, so it is incredibly important that the subject be completely shut off from time giving cues. If the subject of the research knows the time of day, he or she may adju st accordingly, skewing results and making it all but impossible to collect the data withdrawed. other reason for the difficulty of sleep research is the pace of discovery. The field moves too fast for its own good. As a result, no comprehensive beginners text is available in the field of circadian rhythms. By the time... ... a part of their brain known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, gets smaller. The SCN is the primary pacemaker for most circadian functions in the brain. It is responsible for the production of the sleep hormone melatonin. As the SCN decreases in size, less melatonin is produced, causing a shift in sleep patterns. The dash off in melatonin, just as in SAD patients, can cause restlessness. In order to counteract this melatonin loss, many of the elderly sit in look of light boxes, just like the SAD patients, at the end of the day for a few hours (Center for Biological).Circadian rhythms are part of the daily lives of humans. They cue our levels of alertne ss, our need for sleep, and our time of waking. To better understand these rhythms, scientists from around the globe have participated in difficult research for years. As of yet, the research shows that light, hormones, exercise, age, and a variety of other factors are important in determining circadian rhythms. Perhaps in the future, scientists will be able to manipulate circadian rhythms so that people no agelong feel fatigue. By then, maybe Tomas Izquierdo could finally get some long overdue sleep.

Pinpointing Tourettes Syndrome Essay -- Biology Essays Research Paper

Pinpointing Tourettes SyndromeThough Tourettes syndrome was first studied in the 1800s, it is an distemper that has besides to be fully explained by any discipline. Presenting with muscular tics, some of which government issue in verbal utterances, Tourettes is a condition that is easily characterized. Yet its causes are not so easy to pin down. Though psychiatry and biology flip been able to recognize roots other than the demonic possession at a time thought to cause Tourettes, there are few definitive, precise explanations of its etiology. As outlying(prenominal) as neurological diseases go, Tourettes is relatively common between 2.9 and 4.5 children out of any 100,000 children have it, and that figure may be higher due to mild cases which go undiagnosed (1). The condition is much more prevalent in males than females, and Tourettes is just about common present in young people - the condition often disappears in post-pubertal years. The onset of vocal tics more or less alw ays succeeds motor tics, though most individuals with Tourettes eventually present both. Tics can sustained (and are then called tonic or dystonic), which can result in abnormal posture or step for Tourettes patients. Behaviors associated with Tourettes include copropraxia, echopraxia (both motor behaviors), coprolalia, palilalia, and echolalia (all verbal) (2). The neurological causes of Tourettes are not fully understood. About one-half of patients have non-localizing, so-called soft, neurological findings suggesting disturbances in the body scheme and consolidation of motor control. When EEGs are performed on people with Tourettes, the results are often vagule abnormal, yet provide little concrete information to practitioners the same is true of goose scans. Additionally, these abnor... ...ic/tour.html2. Macalaster College Behavioral Neuroscience Tourettes Syndrome Page http//www.macalester.edu/psych/whathap/UBNRP/tourettes/3. Internet Mental Health http//www.mentalhealth.com /bookp40-gtor.html4. National Institute of neurologic Disorders and Stroke - What Cuases TS? http//www.ninds.nih.gov/healinfo/disorder/tourette/tourette.htm5. Department of Neurobiology, Baylor College of Medicine - Movement Disorders Research Tetrabenazine speculate http//www.bcm.edu/neurol/research/moved/moved3.html6. HUM-MOLGEN Human Molecular Genetics European Server http//www.informatik.uni-rostock.de/HUM-MOLGEN/documents/abstracts.0049.html7. Tourettes Syndrome A Model neuropsychiatric Disorder - Grand Rounds at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, http//neuro-www2.mgh.harvard.edu/TSA/medsci/model.html Pinpointing Tourettes Syndrome Essay -- Biology Essays Research PaperPinpointing Tourettes SyndromeThough Tourettes syndrome was first studied in the 1800s, it is an illness that has yet to be fully explained by any discipline. Presenting with muscular tics, some of which result in verbal utterances, Tourettes is a condition that is easily characterized. Yet its causes are not so easy to pin down. Though psychiatry and biology have been able to recognize roots other than the demonic possession once thought to cause Tourettes, there are few definitive, precise explanations of its etiology. As far as neurological diseases go, Tourettes is relatively common between 2.9 and 4.5 children out of every 100,000 children have it, and that figure may be higher due to mild cases which go undiagnosed (1). The condition is much more prevalent in males than females, and Tourettes is most common present in young people - the condition often disappears in post-pubertal years. The onset of vocal tics most always succeeds motor tics, though most individuals with Tourettes eventually present both. Tics can sustained (and are then called tonic or dystonic), which can result in abnormal posture or gait for Tourettes patients. Behaviors associated with Tourettes include copropraxia, echopraxia (both motor behaviors), coprolalia, palilalia, and echolalia (all verbal) (2). The neurological causes of Tourettes are not fully understood. About half of patients have non-localizing, so-called soft, neurological findings suggesting disturbances in the body scheme and integration of motor control. When EEGs are performed on people with Tourettes, the results are often vagule abnormal, yet provide little concrete information to practitioners the same is true of CAT scans. Additionally, these abnor... ...ic/tour.html2. Macalaster College Behavioral Neuroscience Tourettes Syndrome Page http//www.macalester.edu/psych/whathap/UBNRP/tourettes/3. Internet Mental Health http//www.mentalhealth.com/bookp40-gtor.html4. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - What Cuases TS? http//www.ninds.nih.gov/healinfo/disorder/tourette/tourette.htm5. Department of Neurobiology, Baylor College of Medicine - Movement Disorders Research Tetrabenazine Study http//www.bcm.edu/neurol/research/moved/moved3.html6. HUM-MOLGEN Human Molecu lar Genetics European Server http//www.informatik.uni-rostock.de/HUM-MOLGEN/documents/abstracts.0049.html7. Tourettes Syndrome A Model Neuropsychiatric Disorder - Grand Rounds at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health, http//neuro-www2.mgh.harvard.edu/TSA/medsci/model.html

William Shakespeares Hamlet :: essays research papers

The character Ophelia in William Shakespeare&8217s play village plays a very interesting and important role in the elaboration of the plot. In the beginning, she starts off in a healthy state of mind, in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet controlled by her get under ones skin in regard to their relationship. During the play she encounters several(prenominal) troubling experiences involving Hamlet which cause her to become distressed. Near the end, the death of her father leaves Ophelia mentally unstable and in a state of madness that eventually leads her to death. So, delinquent to all of the unfortunate events that took place with the people she loved the most in her life, Ophelia gradually becomes mad, and in the end passes away.      Ophelia&8217s and Hamlet&8217s love for each other in the beginning was very real. Following the death of his father Hamlet falls in love with her, and is much attracted by her beauty. It is not uncertain, however, th at Ophelia is very much controlled by her father. She is the daughter of Polonius, the chief advisor to the new King Claudius, and a highly respected man. Her father demands that she tell Hamlet at once that she can no longer be with him and tells her "I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth have you so slander whatsoever moment leisure as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to&8217t, I charge you. Come your ways." (I.iii.132-35). It is clear that here Polonius is making decisions for his daughter, regardless if she really loves Hamlet or not. She feels very unimportant and helpless now, and because of this develops a lack of emotional confidence and strength. All she can solvent is "I do not, my lord, what I should think." (I.iii.104). She is used to relying on her father&8217s direction and has been brought up to be very obedient. As well, her brother Laertes agrees with what their father is saying. He also tells Ophelia that Hamlet i s no good for her "Perhaps he loves you not" (I.iii.16). He thinks that Hamlet only loves her because he wants to seduce her, and demands his sister to neer moot him again. Ophelia can only accept her father and brother&8217s beliefs and writes Hamlet a letter which informs him that she can no longer see him. As a result, she begins to feel alone with very little independence.

My High School Locker Essay -- Descriptive Essay, Descriptive Writing

Heres your locker combination. Just go right down that hall, said Mrs. Breech pointing toward the sophomore hall. I walked into the sophomore hall so that I could go on my locker and raise sure that my combination worked. I turn the shiny black dial right to 27, left to 49, right again to 32. Clicking at distributively number, the lock clicked once more as I lifted the small silver latch. I was ecstatic that my clean, creamy white locker had the correct combination. That would make my life a lot easier when school started in two weeks. On the first day of school, my locker is still clean and radiant in the fluorescent fixture hall lighting. Gradually books accumulate on the bottom shelf, and syllabuses and lists of rules fill the top shelf. My cousins large grey sweatshirt, complete with a cig arette burn hole, occupies the hook. Eventually these are joined by a myriad of assignments, which are prone to flying out if the door is opened. One day, on the top shelf, an odd green pos tal service appears. Theres moss growing in my locker. The second quarter has begun and the huge amount of clutter in the ...

Othello Essays -- essays research papers

Othellos stature as a tragic hero is firmly via mediad by the alacrity with which he turns against his wife, and by his visitation to achieve any real self knowledgeTo what extent do you agree?Othellos stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the speed and ease with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge. In the Shakespearian tragedy of Othello, we witness the component part of Othello fall from a position of control in Venetian society due to a combination of different reasons. Othello has a deep self-love for himself, and it is because of this he turns against his wife Desdemona with a great speed and ease. A traditional tragic hero portrays four major characteristics firstly, the tragic hero is a figure of senior high standing/esteem in the community secondly, there is an agency that leads to the fall of the hero whether within the hero himself or from an outside figure/source the thirdly characteristic is a moment of self-realisation or self-awareness and the last characteristic is that the fall of the hero results in death. Othello is portrayed as a well-respected citizen within the Venetian society. He can be seen as an intelligent and heroic military leader whose skill is indeed very valuable and necessary to the state and he knows this. His military success has promoted his position within Venetian society, and as a Moor within the white dominated society, he has a strong swear to maintain his social standing, and is prepared to sacrifice anything which threatens his reputation, which leads to the eventual death of Desdemona. Othello is trusted by everyone in Venice being called, valiant Othello and brave Othello and described as ...more bonny than black (I, iii, 286). He has been given full martial and political command of Cyprus and is a figure of high standing and esteem within the Venetian community.Othellos flaw or weakness lies in his hubris, or exaggerated pride in himself, and h e continually refers to it saying Let Brabantio do his spite, my services which I have done the signiory / Shall out-tongue his complaints... (I, ii, 17-19) and that ...his parts, his title, and his perfect soul / Shall manifest him rightly... (I, ii, 31-32). It is due to his obsession with his pride, his self-esteem and his self image which leads to his loss of self control and hi... ...the sweetest innocent / That did eer did lift up eye (V, ii, 197-198), that she was false, and rather than realising his weaknesses and flaws, he takes the blame away from himself saying the murder was planned by fate ...O ill-stared wench.. afterwards he has committed the crime, Othello makes sure that he is remembered as the hero he believed himself to be, once again his hubris encompassing him, saying...I have done the state few service and they knowt...Speak of me as I am nothing extenuate,Nor set down aught in malice...speakOf one that loved not wisely, barely too wellOf one not easily jeal ous but, being wrought,Perplexed in the extreme... (V, ii, 335-342).Othellos never accepts his tragic flaw as self-knowledge, nor does he accept responsibility for the death of his innocent wife Desdemona.Othello is unable to see himself as a member of the Venetian society, and it is the tension between Othellos victimization at the hands of a foreign culture and his own willingness to torment himself along with the alacrity with which he turns against his wife and his failure to achieve self-knowledge which severely compromise Othellos stature as a tragic hero.

Othello Essays -- essays research papers

Othellos stature as a tragical hero is severely compromised by the alacrity with which he turns against his married woman, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledgeTo what extent do you agree?Othellos stature as a tragic hero is severely compromised by the speed and ease with which he turns against his wife, and by his failure to achieve any real self knowledge. In the Shakespearian tragedy of Othello, we witness the character of Othello fall from a position of control in Venetian society due to a combination of diverse reasons. Othello has a deep self-love for himself, and it is because of this he turns against his wife Desdemona with a great speed and ease. A traditional tragic hero portrays four major characteristics firstly, the tragic hero is a figure of high stand/esteem in the community secondly, there is an agency that leads to the fall of the hero whether within the hero himself or from an outside figure/source the third characteristic is a moment of self-rea lisation or self-awareness and the last characteristic is that the fall of the hero results in death. Othello is visualised as a well-respected citizen within the Venetian society. He can be seen as an intelligent and heroic military leader whose skill is indeed very valuable and necessary to the state and he knows this. His military success has promoted his position within Venetian society, and as a Moor within the white rule society, he has a strong desire to maintain his social standing, and is prepared to sacrifice anything which threatens his reputation, which leads to the eventual death of Desdemona. Othello is trusted by everyone in Venice being called, chivalric Othello and brave Othello and described as ...more fair than black (I, iii, 286). He has been given full martial and political command of Cyprus and is a figure of high standing and esteem within the Venetian community.Othellos flaw or weakness lies in his hubris, or exaggerated pride in himself, and he continual ly refers to it adage Let Brabantio do his spite, my services which I have done the signiory / Shall out-tongue his complaints... (I, ii, 17-19) and that ...his parts, his title, and his perfect soul / Shall manifest him rightly... (I, ii, 31-32). It is due to his obsession with his pride, his self-esteem and his self image which leads to his overtaking of self control and hi... ...the sweetest innocent / That did eer did lift up eye (V, ii, 197-198), that she was false, and rather than realising his weaknesses and flaws, he takes the blame away from himself motto the murder was mean by fate ...O ill-stared wench.. After he has committed the crime, Othello makes sure that he is remembered as the hero he believed himself to be, once again his hubris encompassing him, saying...I have done the state some service and they knowt...Speak of me as I am nothing extenuate,Nor set down aught in malice...speakOf one that loved not wisely, but too wellOf one not easily jealous but, being w rought,Perplexed in the extreme... (V, ii, 335-342).Othellos never accepts his tragic flaw as self-knowledge, nor does he accept responsibility for the death of his innocent wife Desdemona.Othello is unable to see himself as a member of the Venetian society, and it is the tension between Othellos victimisation at the hands of a foreign culture and his own willingness to torment himself along with the alacrity with which he turns against his wife and his failure to achieve self-knowledge which severely compromise Othellos stature as a tragic hero.