A Brief Summary of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

Tale of Two Cities Summary In the opening book the story begins by establishing the settings of 1775 England and France. This time period is pre-American Revolution for England and pre-French Revolution which meant that there were growing tensions in both countries. Early in the book Mr. Jarvis Lorry who works for the Tellson’s Bank is given a note that tells him to wait in Dover for Mam’selle while he is driving a stagecoach. Lorry seems to dream about being dead, someone digging him out of a grave and has a strange encounter with a ghost who gives several reactions to questions about when he wants to see a girl. On the following morning after reaching Dover, Lorry meets Lucie Manette who came from London. She was informed that there was some business with some small property of her father who had been thought to be long dead but Lorry believes the reason she was called Paris was that her father is actually alive. As the scene changes to Saint Antoine, Lorry and Lucie enter a wine shop and are introduced to a man making shoes after asking to see Doctor Manette. Manette initially mistakes his daughter Lucie for his wife but is then overcome by so much emotion that he collapses. Lucie makes arrangements to leave for England as soon as possible. The second book begins with Jerry Cruncher, the man who delivered the message to Lorry on the stagecoach, waking up and going to work awaiting orders from the bank. Cruncher’s instructions were to go to the courthouse and wait forShow MoreRelatedThe Evidence Of Unbound Loyalty1746 Words   |  7 PagesOliver, ill-treated and hungry, approaches his masters saying â€Å"Please, sir, I want some more† (Dickens 11), Charles Dickens enthralls his readers in the harsh, twisted journey of Oliver Twist. 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The terminology used in the work includes the following terms, which are regarded as distinctive categories of the advertising discourse: - ad-slogan - a striking and easily remembered utterance, consisting of one or a few brief, loud, emotionally loaded phrases, which are frequently used by the company in order to create a positive attitude of the consumer towards the object of advertising, as well as to secure its distinctiveness; - ad-text - the body copy of advertisingRead MoreLanguage of Advertising and Communication Via Advertising16638 Words   |  67 Pagesand the United Kingdom. The terminology used in the work includes the following terms, which are regarded as distinctive categories of the advertising discourse: - ad-slogan - a striking and easily remembered utterance, consisting of one or a few brief, loud, emotionally loaded phrases, which are frequently used by the company in order to create a positive attitude of the consumer towards the object of advertising, as well as to secure its distinctiveness; - ad-text - the body copy of advertisingRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesmaking them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. Cannes August 1967 here. On two or three definite and important points, this text no longer corresponds to the present state of the problems it confronts. I have taken this opportunity to clarify it and place it in perspective by means of footnotes, for the method and the structureRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesManagement Studies, Keele University, UK An unusually rich and deep philosophical book on organization theory with several new thinkers and ideas. Pedagogically a well-structured book with many clear learning objectives, cases, examples and good summaries for every chapter. Professor Martin Lindell, Hanken Business School, Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration, Finland This book makes it easier to understand the current stand of organization theory. I strongly recommend it to anyone

Dr. Martin Luther King A Great Public Figure - 1392 Words

Courage, strength, persuasion, and the way one speaks are only a few qualities of a great public figure. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. possessed these qualities and was a great public figure in the movement towards freedom for all in America. King went to college at the age of fifteen, ordained as a minister at age eighteen, and received his PHD at the age of twenty-six. He grew up in a time that segregated the African Americans from the whites, a place where he thought that all men were free, but truly were not. This caused him to want to stand against these inhuman rights that were being held from the African Americans. He believed in a nonviolent approach may work in order to become a justice system that is equal. Some of his white Americans did not believe in nonviolence towards his protest, so they fought nonviolence with violence. He told the protesters to fight â€Å"violence with nonviolence and hate with love† (Dr. Martin Luther King: A Historical Perspective). On August 28, 1963, King gave his infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech at the March on Washington in front of tens of thousands of people and viewers at home. He wanted to let the people know the true injustice that was going on during this time. He sympathized with all his listeners, no matter what race they were and acknowledged that some went through a lot in order to see listen to his speech in person. In his speech he mentions his hopes for the future, that one-day things will be different and equal for all.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail700 Words   |  3 PagesApril 1963 Martin Luther King was wrongfully arrested after a non violent protest. The peaceful protest took place in Birmingham, Alabama where many people of the black community participated in hopes to change segregation laws in the city. Martin Luther King president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, led the protest and was arrested because of it. He stongly believed â€Å"all men are created equal,† no matter the color of your skin, race or ethnicity. While in jail, Dr. King hand wroteRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr., A Political Icon Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagescome variously to be called great or brilliant because they and their accomplishments have forever changed society and the world. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of those individuals. Martin Luther Kings contributions to history place him in this inimitable position. One of the great figures in the march of human history, Martin Luther King Jr., like Gandhi before him, lived by a heroic credo of non-violence. More than two decades since his death, Martin Luther King ideas; his call for racialRead MoreTheme Of Pathos In The Birmingham Letter796 Words   |  4 PagesDr. King main point in composing the Birmingham letter is that, racial isolation, or foul play to the African American culture, is because of the ceaseless consolation of the white American culture, especiall y the capable groups in legislative issues and religions. Dr. King guards his point all through the length of his letter, and the contentions that he has made to demonstrate that his theory is valid and substantial will be the concentration of this logical analysis. This letter was viewed asRead More Civil Rights and Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was a great civil rights leader who gave his life in the name of freedom. The work of Martin Luther King, Jr. goes further than establishing peaceful social change strategies, he shaped America into the free country it is today. Before his protests in the south blacks, were treated like second rate citizens. It was uncommon to see blacks and whites using the same public restroom, or drinking from the same water fountain. Dr. King created a legacy that carried on farRead More Complexities of Dr. Martin Luther King Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr.’s impact on the civil rights movement was nothing short of monumental. To say anything less may be considered sacrilege in the history of the United States. King’s liberal and Christian upbringing, comfortable and educated childhood, and his theological education all played a large part in his contributions to civil rights in America. Perhaps one of his most sustained acts was his ability to represent the plight of African American rights while simultaneously portrayingRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Dr. Martin Luther King1510 Words   |  7 PagesBirmingham Jail was a letter written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. from a solitary confinement cell in Birmingham, Alabama. Some portions of the letter were written and gradually smuggled out by King s lawyer on scraps of paper including, by some reports, rough jailhouse toilet paper. Violent racist terror against African Americans was so horrible in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was being referred to by some locals as â€Å"Bombingham†. King had been arrested while participating inRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech1696 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has served as inspiration to multiple generations in the 52 years since his words were spoken. Individuals and groups have rallied behind his message of equality and peace and quoted this speech countless times in an attempt to further Dr. King’s dream of bringing racial injustice to an end. In this speech, which was delivered as the culmination of the March for Jobs in 1962, Dr. King addressed nearly 250,000 people to bring awareness to the injusticesRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King: A True Leader944 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther Kind: A True Leader Do you think Martin Luther King deserves his reputation for being a great leader of the Civil Rights movement? What were his strengths and weakness? Overall, what is your verdict? Dr. Martin Luther King’s actions during the Civil Rights movement of Read MoreLetter from Birmingham Jail Rhetorical Analysis- Martin Luth Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. Analytical Essay Violence, force, bribery. These are just the few of the many ways figures all throughout history have come to implement their ideas among others. Whether it be through force or logic, there needs to be some form for persuasion to pass of your claim. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., promoter of social justice, utilized rhetorical strategies to persuade his opponents of his claims. When Dr. King received a letter fromRead More Dr Kings Vision of Economic and Social Justice Essay2889 Words   |  12 Pagesgeneral achievement and highlights such as the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s I Have a Dream oration. Indeed, the theme of job creation runs though Dr. King’s writings. Perhaps no single policy could have as great a social and economic impact on the African American community—and the entire country—as federally funded job assurance for every person ready and willing to work. This is a policy approach that was explicitly supported by Dr. King, and that is currently receiving attention in economic

Differences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism free essay sample

Without these empires nation building and trying to spread their ideals throughout these years I feel the modern world would be much different, this truly was one of the major cogs in the start of globalization. How was early imperialism different to that of the imperialism the world experienced at the end of the nineteenth century? How did each imperialistic state differ? Is imperialism still going on today? How has it shaped the world, as we know it? 19th Century Imperialism I do agree that imperialism finally got out-of-hand by the 1800’s, when the Western world seemingly had to control and dominate every continent populated whether it held even a morsel of value or not e. g. ‘The Scramble for Africa’. Millions of young people of working age were taken away from Africa and made into slaves; great social conflict has ensued ever since and still lingers to this day. â€Å"Slavery has taken a heavy toll on African development ever since the 16th century but finally stood a chance to develop properly once it was abolished throughout the globe during the twentieth century. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Headrick). Even though the reputation of these nations was aggressive and callous they never allowed new, promising settlements to decay, rather they opened them up as valuable trading ports that flourished with all the global trade taking place at the time. â€Å"They invested heavily in their colonies and occasionally built impressive infrastructure ranging from schools to judicial systems. † (Headrick). This often benefitted the native inhabitants; old systems of command were thrown out with new, more effective methods of governance being put in their place. I’ve noticed that most of Britain’s colonies were very successful in comparison to other imperial empires such as France, Spain and Portugal. For example, the original thirteen colonies that Britain established on North America’s east coast have gone on to become the world’s main superpower, the United States of America. Britain’s colony in China, Hong Kong, has gone on to become Asia’s premiere financial center with Singapore (another British jewel) trailing just behind. Even Britain’s prisoners set up the only first-world country in the Southern Hemisphere, Australia! Compare this to Spain’s imperial efforts, for example Mexico is the only third world country in North America and has always struggled to overcome a legal system plagued with corruption. Why is it that the British colonies were so successful and the colonies of other countries such failures in comparison? I feel the answer to that is British law. British law has been a keystone in these colonies success. Their political ideals have helped sculpt the success stories of the modern world, albeit there have been some failures such as India and Rhodesia where there were civilians revolting against their new leaders. The British education system helped produce a new class of educated Africans and Asians that were able seek employment once they had completed their schooling. 16th Century Imperialism Imperialism in the fifteenth century was new and exciting, the rules were unwritten. People believed back then that the civilized world back owed it to the rest of the world to help educate and ‘liberate’ the people. They believed that they had created a society that was artistic, educated and above all, special. It was up to these nation states to ‘fix’ those that needed it, and according to the imperialists, everyone needed it. â€Å"Whites were superior to non-whites. One variation was ‘Rudyard Kipling’s idea of the ‘White Man’s Burden’. The white man had the burden and blessings of their superior civilization to the savages of the non-European world. †(Quilligan). It was said that people being colonized were biologically backward and not as evolved as their colonizers. Their savagery and reduced level of cultural evolution were illustrative of their inferior genetic advancement. But were they culturally inferior?

The Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation Sample Essay Example For Students

The Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation Sample Essay 1. Why does CSX want to purchase Conrail? How much should CSX be willing to pay for it? 1. If the CSX buys Conrail. this combination would make the 2nd largest rail system in the United States and the largest rail system E of the Mississippi River. The new company would acquire the $ 8. 5B in rail gross and about 70 % of the Eastern Market. which means it would hold monopoly place in the Eastern Rail Market. 2. The combined rail webs would ease long-haul. immediate. and. hence. low-priced service between the Southern ports. the Northeast. and the Midwest. 3. In the short-haul paths between the Midwest and the South. CSX-Contrail would go more competitory through cost decrease. We will write a custom essay on The Acquisition of Consolidated Rail Corporation Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When I calculate the monetary value which CSX is willing to pay for Conrail. There are two parts. First. there is a synergism which means when the merge happens. the cost will cut down and the gross will increase. For this portion. I can acquire the monetary value should be $ 83. 71 harmonizing to the combined additions of runing income. Then. if Norfolk Southern purchases Conrail. some gross of CSX will reassign to the Norfolk Southern. In this manner. there is a possible loss. For this portion. the monetary value should be $ 23. 45. As a consequence. the entire monetary value which CSX should pay for the Conrail is $ 107. 16. There are more inside informations in the signifier 1. 2. Why did CSX do a two-tiered offer? What consequence does this construction have on the dealing? In this two-tiered offer. CSX would pay $ 92. 50 per portion in hard currency for the first 40 % of Conrail’s acquisition portions and would interchange portions in the ratio of 1. 85619:1. 0 for the s taying 60 % . There are some advantages. First. CSX merely pay 40 % of the Conrail portions in hard currency. In this manner. it does non necessitate to acquire excessively much hard currency for the portions. Then. when it exchanges portions. the blended value is $ 89. 07 per portion which is less than $ 92. 5. So it is inexpensive in the two-tiered offer. Harmonizing to the Pennsylvania’s Business Corporation Law. CSX proposed the two-tiered offer with different monetary value. so. Conrail stockholders would hold to â€Å"opt-out† of the Pennsylvania statue before CSX could buy more than 19. 9 % of the portions. This ordinance was the ground for put to deathing the front-end offer in two phases. At the clip of the ballot. CSX and employee trusts. which supported the amalgamation. would command 35. 5 % of the portions and would necessitate merely another 14. 6 % of the acquisition portions to vote in favour of opting-out for it to go through. 3. As a stockholder in Conrail. would you tender your portion to CSX at $ 92. 50 in the first phase stamp offer? Explain why or why non? I would tender my portion to CSX at $ 92. 5 in the first phase. Because if I would non tender my portion to CSX at $ 92. 50. I have to interchange the portions at the rate of 1. 85619:1. 0. However. the investors have bad outlook on this trade and t he portion monetary value of CSX has fallen to $ 46. 75. In this manner. if I choose to sell my portions in the 2nd phase. I may have lower monetary value. As a consequence. I would tender my portion to CSX at $ 92. 5.

Compare & Contrast of North, South, and Mid Atlantic States essays

Compare & Contrast of North, South, and Mid Atlantic States essays Statement: The Northern, Mid Atlantic, and Southern regions evolved into three distinct societies, although they came from similar backgrounds. Assess the validity of this statement. In our early history, the Northern, Mid Atlantic, and Southern regions all had both become distinct from each other while at the same time shared similar views on religious, political, and economic ideas. All of these regions originated from people coming over from Europe. It seemed that the regions were both distinct and similar and that this statement is a mixed bag. The first factor that played a major role in the early society of the new world was Religion. In the North you had to be either a Puritan or Christian to be accepted in society. If you were against the beliefs of the Northern people, you were kicked out and sent away. This is what brought about the forming of Connecticut by Thomas Hooker and Rhode Island by Roger Williams, both who had been kicked out of Massachusetts due to their not believing in the Puritan lifestyle. These states were mainly inhabited by religious outcasts of Massachusetts. However, in the Mid Atlantic region, one was given more religious freedom. One could practice any Christian religion they wanted. The same was basically true in the South. The one thing all three regions shared was being against non-Christian religions. So it is obvious that religion in the North was distinct from the Mid Atlantic and South with its beliefs even though they all originated from similar backgrounds. This makes the statement pa rtially valid in that there was some distinction but not all three were distinct. Besides religion, political ideas also played a role in the evolution of the three regions. The North was a more politically structured region. It had the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This shows that it had an early set of rules that everyone had to abide by. The South was also coming along ...

Free Essays on Career Expositions

Career Expo Summary The Florida A & M University’s Career Expo offered numerous opportunities to the students that attended this Spring. There were many companies who participated in the expo from all over the country. When I first entered he building a police officer approached me about having a career in law enforcement. At that moment all of my nervousness and jitters vanished. My first stop was the booth occupied by Aflac insurance. I was greeted by Ms. Miriam Watkins, who was the project coordinator. She informed me about the purpose of the company and she accepted my resume. My next visit was to Liberty Mutual where I met with two representative who talked with me for a while and they just gave me a card to go online and look at the job description. After that visit I went to Cardinal Health and talked to the representative about their internships positions. The representative that was present had no information about their possible internship positions and that kind of spoiled the mood but he informed me that he would pass my resume along. After that visit, it seemed as if all the other companies were not really looking for students with my educational area. They mainly wanted general business majors or either engineering majors so I ended my day there. I really enjoyed the experience I encountered at the career expo and even though their weren’t many opportunities for me there, I am looking forward to the next one.... Free Essays on Career Expositions Free Essays on Career Expositions Career Expo Summary The Florida A & M University’s Career Expo offered numerous opportunities to the students that attended this Spring. There were many companies who participated in the expo from all over the country. When I first entered he building a police officer approached me about having a career in law enforcement. At that moment all of my nervousness and jitters vanished. My first stop was the booth occupied by Aflac insurance. I was greeted by Ms. Miriam Watkins, who was the project coordinator. She informed me about the purpose of the company and she accepted my resume. My next visit was to Liberty Mutual where I met with two representative who talked with me for a while and they just gave me a card to go online and look at the job description. After that visit I went to Cardinal Health and talked to the representative about their internships positions. The representative that was present had no information about their possible internship positions and that kind of spoiled the mood but he informed me that he would pass my resume along. After that visit, it seemed as if all the other companies were not really looking for students with my educational area. They mainly wanted general business majors or either engineering majors so I ended my day there. I really enjoyed the experience I encountered at the career expo and even though their weren’t many opportunities for me there, I am looking forward to the next one....

Prison Life and Strategies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Prison Life and Strategies - Research Paper Example Thus, it was far crueler then it is now. Male and female prisoners are typically kept separate locations. The security of the prison is kept high alert and the prisoners are divided into categories regarding their security as some criminals are very dangerous to others. There can be four special types of prisons, else than the typical one: There are many problems and consequences that are related to the prison and the prisoners that would be discussed in the paper. Prison is the last solution to the criminal the justice systems have. But it comes with a lot of drawbacks and weaknesses. It is a disturbing way of making people live forcefully thus; some accept it as a punishment but many with negative attitude dominance take it negatively and do not stop the violence. Even within the prison criminal rebel and are difficult to handle. The Federal Bureau of Prisons (2012) has devised and formulated different plans and strategies that are being implemented in the prisons like giving a normal surrounding healthy to the prisoners, thus not making them offended and giving them a proper treatment and treating them normally, the way citizens are treated. The criminal justice system has been interpreted and amended numerous times over 200 years. With the changes occurring by the time they need to improve criminal justice system is evident. Prison in the US justice system is an awful condition where one loses their freedom. Nevertheless, there is no other mean to protect the normal citizens of the society from the violence creating citizens who murder, rape, assault or rob other people. Therefore prison is an important need to protect the society to lead a peaceful existence. It is also to be assured that prisons are only used as the last resort against the people who threaten the lives and well being of others.

Case Study 1-3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

1-3 - Case Study Example Due to the increase in the market pressure, the company focussed on its information technology (IT) department to provide information regarding the changing trend of the customers and increase the cross selling of the offerings. The key problem associated with the company is related to the use of different IT applications. The lack of importance towards customer relationship management (CRM) and IT system was the major factor which was critically affecting the company. Canyon Ranch had a conventional approach towards the use of information systems to ensure business effectiveness. Computerized Lodging Systems (CLS) was implemented in the company to keep a track of the customers. In order to monitor the customer preferences, Guestware software application was implemented. Correspondingly, the issue faced was that no proper integration was being established between the CLS and the Guestware. Moreover, the person who acts as a coordinator in the company was not being able to provide rel evant information on time and also did not have information related to the business ahead of time. Also, the firm did not have any Point of Sale (POS) in any of the restaurants and salons for the purchase of the goods. The key motive of the Canyon Ranch has been to increase the footfall and the level of customer satisfaction through efficient service deliverance. Therefore, the company needs to incorporate a management strategy to increase the customer relations effectively. The company through the development of IT would be able to enhance the service deliverance and tracking (Applegate & Piccoli, 2004). The company Canyon Ranch is renowned in the industry as gold standard and thus commanded a service rate of 25% to 30% greater than the other destination spas. The unique value proposition of providing health and healing in Canyon Ranch which was supporting its increased market presence, was being followed by other spas. The day spa was taking into consideration the features

Uht Milk Essay Example for Free

Uht Milk Essay I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the project report entitled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† written and submitted by me to University of Pune, in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Masters of Marekting Management under the guidance pf Prof. A. Ramakumar. This is my original work and the conclusions drawn therein are based on the material collected by myself. Place: Pune Date:Aruna Sampath Kumar CERTIFICATE This is to certify that project titled â€Å"To study and analyse the consumer behavior of Ultra heated milk across Tamil Nadu† at Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd is a bonafide work carried out by Miss. Aruna Sampath Kumar, 2nd year MMM student of Sinhgad Institute of Management, Vadgoan, Pune in partial fulfillment of MMM degree of Univeristy of Pune. She has worked under our guidance and direction. Signature of DirectorSignature of Project Guide Dr. Daniel PenkarProf. A. Ramakumar Date:Date: Place: PunePlace: Pune ACKNOWLEGDEMENT I take this opportunity as privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Daniel Penkar – Director, Dr. Rupali Jain- Jt. Director and Dr. Shivaji U Gawade- Head Research, Sinhgad Institute of Management, Pune for their continous encouragement, invaluable guidance and help for Completing the present research at work. They have been a source of Inspiration to me and I am indebted to them for initiating me in the field of research. I am deeply indebted to Prof. A. Ramakumar, my project guide, Singhad Institute of Management , Pune, without his help completion of the project was highly impossible. I take this opportunity as a privilege to articulate my deep sense of gratefulness to Mr. Aldrin Joseph-Marketing Manager of Cavin Kare. Pvt. Ltd. Their encouragement and valuable guidance are gratefully acknowledged, I would also like to thank Mrs. Jessima Yasmin-Product Manager, for guiding and supporting me throughout my project. I would like to acknowledge all my family members and friends for their help and support. Lastly, I convey my gratitude to all those who directly or indirectly related to this project and helped me to complete this project report. Thanks and regards, Aruna Sampath Kumar INDEX Chapter No| Contents| Page No| *| Executive Summary| | 1| Introduction| | | 1. 1 Introduction| | | 1. 2 Objective of the Study| |. | 1. 3 Scope of Project| | | 1. 4 Limitations of Project| | 2| Conceptual Background| | 3| Profile of Organisation| | | 3. 1 Corporate Profile: Cavin Kare Group| | | 3. 2 Partnerships| | | 3. 3 Various Brands under Cavin Kare| | | 3. 4 Cavin Kare Diary Division| | 4| Research Methodology | | | 4. 1 Source Method of data collection| | | 4. 2 Method of data collection| | | 4. 3 Sampling Design | | 5| Data Presentation, Analysis Interpretation| | 6| Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions| | | 6. 1 Findings| | | 6. 2 Suggestions| | | 6. 3 Conclusion| | *| Bibliography| | *| Annexure| |. Executive Summary The project involved working with the core Marketing Department of the company, and worked as part of the marketing team that is looking at launching the Ultra Heated Milk (UHT milk) also known as tetra pack milk in TAMIL NADU. Initially, we had to understand the various players in the market, the marketing strategies and also the various pricing along with packaging techniques used by the players such as Nestle, Amul, Vijaya, Britannia, etc. We tried to analyse the gold standard of milk according to the respondents and what aspect do they value the most in their daily cup of milk. The project involved in Idea conception, product development, firming up communications, reflecting the same with external agencies that include the IMRB and media agencies such as Ogilvy and Mathew During the project, I have independently conducted and provided findings and recommendations through a qualitative research covering more than 50 respondents, via primary data collection method such as questionnaire and personal interview. The respondents were of various stratums such as double income no kids, house-wives, bachelors, students and health conscious individuals. The later stage of project involved conducting 5 In-depth interviews amongst UHT users, who were asked questions in detail about various parameters and characteristics they would look in a new player within the niche market of UHT. A focus group interview with more than four respondents about their experience with using UHT milk and comparing it with non-UHT milk users were conducted. The project involved understanding the reasons for using UHT milk and the awareness level amongst UHT milk users, and the price sensitive index in the UHT industry. Also, key reasons for respondents keeping away from daily consumption of UHT milk. The findings gave brief highlights that in the current scenario, according to respondents the UHT milk is used or preferred as a contingency product, or during crisis situation. The important factors which respondents or consumers consider while buying UHT milk. Few factors such as price matters the most during the purchase of UHT. Secondly, the longer shelf life and easy availability are next important consideration parameters in purchase of UHT milk. The secondary data for the project was collected through journals, magazines and internet research. However, being a niche market, the secondary data availability was comparatively less. The project involved a complete exposure to milk industry and fast moving goods industry where detailed concept building was structured. During the conduct and completion of the project, certain limitations have been also encountered. The same have been mentioned below. We have also suggested some recommendations in order to reduce the limitations encountered. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1:1 Introduction The project involves a detailed understanding of consumer perceptions and the key factors affecting the consumption pattern of consumers. Consumer Research is the systematic collection and analysis of consumer information for the purpose of important decision making in marketing. Consumer Research plays an important role in marketing process, helps in consumer measurement, market potential, sales forecast, each element like product mix, distribution mix, price effectiveness of an advertisement campaign or consumer acceptance of a product. The above mentioned factors have been take into consideration while formulating the questionnaire for the research project. Cavin Kare. Pvt . Ltd is rolling into the markets of Tamilnadu with new milk variants(toned milk, double toned, standardized, low fat) flavoured milk and curd. The conclusions of this project will help the company to introduce the Tetra pack milk, which is made after an ultra heated temperature, where there in no bacteria and the shelf life of the milk is very high of approximately 180 days. 1:2 Objectives of the study. * To understand the general perceptions of the milk consuming population about UHT milk. * To study the consumption pattern of UHT milk. * To broadly, understand the key reasons for minimal consumption of UHT milk. * To do the competitive analysis of UHT milk production in Tamil Nadu. 1:3 Scope of Project * The project being a qualitative and quantitative in nature gives a wide scope to the research for significant findings and conclusions. * With the recognition of consumer perceptions and consumer behaviour for Ultra Heated milk, the scope and practical application of the project has been considerably widened. * The insights from the project can be used for new product development for the company i. e. the tetra pack milk, or the UHT milk, as the stage in a new development process- the concept development and consumer testing is already conducted during the research process. * The findings and conclusions of the project give emphasis on various parameters which influence the consumer behavior such as cultural factor, social factor and personal factors. * A Survey Research, which is used in the project, is a communication approach, which involves questioning respondents and recording their responses. It is the most versatile approach for the collection of abstract information of all types. * It offers an economical and efficient means of learning opinions and attitudes, intentions and expectations of respondents * Interpretation of question by the respondent can greatly vary the responses. 1:4 Limitations of Project * Research was conducted in certain parts of Tamilnadu and the respondents have given a voluntary response. * Certain limitations has been encountered while doing the project due to which information collected and conclusion that was arrived on it were as follows: 1. Due to the stiffness in time, very less chance of interaction with a huge number of Ultra Heated milk consumers were possible. 2. The data collected were according to the convenience of the respondents and the major hurdle was time management. 3. Some cases respondents were also not willing to give answers of few questions which were open ended questions. 4. The two month research process was comparatively less for studying the entire consumer behaviour of the Ultra Heated milk. Chapter 2: Conceptual Background About the Milk and Milk Product Industry: India is the largest producer of milk in the world with an estimated production of 91mn tons in FY03. The industry has maintained a high growth of milk production of about 4-5% per annum in the last two decades, especially after Operation Flood. Food and Agricultural Organization has projected Asia and Latin America to be the focal points of milk production growth, primarily due to high consumption, low-costs and non subsidized exports. India also has an inherent advantage of being amidst major milk deficit countries in Asia and Africa. Major milk importing countries are Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand. Major Players in the Industry: The packaged milk segment is dominated by the regional and national level dairy cooperatives. These dairy co-operatives collect milk from the various small-scale vendors, pack it and distribute it under their brand name. There are certain standards set and tests conducted before the milk is collected from the vendors. The milk is tested for its fat content, taste, color, odour, quality (organoleptic test), acidity and specific gravity (water content). The standard specific gravity for cow milk is 1. 0295. The largest player in the milk market is Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) with its brand Amul that is a national level co-operative. The other National Co-operatives are Andhra Pradesh Milk Marketing Federation (APMMF) with its Vijaya brand, Karnataka Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (KCMMF) with its Nandini brand and Aavin (UHT milk) in Tamil Nadu Co-operative Milk Federation Ltd. There are numerous regional dairy cooperatives with their local brands. Gokul, Varana in Maharashtra, Saras in Rajasthan and Verka in Punjab, are the prominent ones. There are a few private players such as J K Dairy, Heritage Foods, Indiana Dairy, Dairy Specialties, etc. A few MNC players have recently entered the market. Britannia attempted to foray into the fresh pouch milk market nationally, but has withdrawn from most markets after receiving a poor response. Nestle, Britannia and Amul have forayed into emerging segments such as Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) and flavored milk. Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) milk is becoming popular and is estimated at Rs1. 5bn. Major players in the UHT milk market are cooperatives like Amul (GCMMF) and Vijaya (APMMF) and private players like Britannia and Nestle. National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) has also entered this market under its Mother Dairy brand. Another category of milk, which has a small market, is flavored milk (fat content of around 3%). The main brands in this category are GCMMF’s Amul Kool, Aarey’s Energee, Britannia’s Milkman and Nestle’s Fruit n Milk. Condensed milk is a popular ingredient used in homemade sweets and cakes. Nestles Milkmaid is the leading brand with more than 55% market share. The only other competitor is GCMMFs Amul. Total investment in the dairy sector between 1991-2002 was at Rs150bn, of which foreign investment was of Rs11bn. India’s total milk production is projected to grow to 108mn tons by end of 2007 as per Tenth Plan estimates. The market is estimated to touch Rs1,100bn in value terms by FY05. Product Profile: Ultra Heated Treatment (UHT) is a new product for Cavin Kare Pvt. Ltd. The company plans to launch the product is the mere future, after analyzing the consumer perception and purchase behavior steps. According David Louden, we can define Consumer Behaviour as processes a person goes through when purchasing and using Products and Services, including Mental and Social processes that precede and follow these actions. Consumer behaviour encompasses the behaviour that consumers display in searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. It is a study of the decisions of individuals, groups and organizations to spend available resources on consumption related items. There are various roles played by a consumer: a) Initiator b) Influencer c) Buyer d) User The consumer buying decision process can be explained as follows: Need Recognition Pre- Purchase Information Search Evaluation of Alternatives Puchase Decision Post Purchase Behaviour Five Force Model for Ultra Heated Milk Sector The Ultra heated milk comes under the Diary Industry. While understanding the diary industry we can apply the Porter’s Five Force Model to the industry thereby relating it to the Buyers Power, Supplier’s power, Substitutes, New entrants and Degree of Rivalry. The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers of packaged milk and dairy products as players, retailers as buyers, and raw milk producers (dairy farmers) as suppliers. The market has a three-level structure: small dairy farms form cooperatives, which are organized into 270 unions, and each state has its own federation of these unions. The food retail market in India remains fragmented, reducing buyer power, although the entry of large foreign chains is destined to increase buyer power going forward. Strong growth in the dairy market will encourage new entrants while easing competitive rivalry. Buyers Power The dairy market will be analyzed taking manufacturers/packagers of dairy products as players, and food retailers as buyers. Food and beverage retail is fragmented in India: the non-organized segment accounts for a significant share of its revenues, and independents and small supermarket chains are significant in the organized segment. Regulations make it difficult for large foreign retailers such as Wal-Mart to gain access to the retail market. In these circumstances, where market players have many small potential buyers, buyer power is weakened. It is difficult to differentiate staple foods such as milk and butter, although manufacturers can target end-users with their branding strategies, or develop more individuated, premium products, such as organic yoghurt, to defend against the power of buyers determined to make purchasing decisions on price alone. There is some forward integration: Amul, for example, plans to open retail outlets to sell its own dairy products. Dairy products are an important part of most consumers food and beverage purchasing, and food retailers are therefore strongly motivated to stock them; this weakens their buying power, assessed overall as strong. Suppliers Power For many dairy markets, the key input is milk, which manufacturers must buy from farmers. Dairy cooperatives, which typically integrate dairy farming, milk collection, processing, and packaging, are present in developed-economy markets (e. g. Campina in India); however, they have a much more prominent role in India. Almost 100,000 dairy cooperatives are organized into 170 producer unions, which are combined at state level into 15 cooperative milk marketing federations. Some of the latter have strong consumer brands for their milk and other dairy products, such as Amul. As the Indian market is dominated by these cooperatives, the suppliers of interest are still further upstream, and include manufacturers of cattle feed, milking machines, and packaging, and providers of services such as veterinary care and artificial insemination. The products involved are fairly commoditized, and there are a reasonable number of suppliers; also, the ability of cooperatives to purchase on behalf of their members (who may be very small-scale farmers) means that supplier power is correspondingly decreased. Overall, supplier power is moderate. New Entrants The dairy market can be entered by a new company starting up, by an existing company diversifying into dairy product production, or by a dairy products company established elsewhere beginning to sell in this market. Imports of dairy products are permitted, although tariffs are not negligible. Small-scale entry, perhaps as an artisanal producer of premium dairy products, does not require very large amounts of capital. However, for new entrants aiming to challenge the major players in the mass consumer market, entry barriers are higher. Scale economies in production will be important. Most dairy products are perishable, which means that reliable supply and distribution cold chains are vital to avoid the costs of wastage this can be a particular barrier to entry in India, with its combination of hot climate and often poor infrastructure. Leading dairy product players may have strong brands, aimed at retaining end-user loyalty, which means that new players will have a more difficult task to differentiate their own brands. Government regulations include laws on food safety, which increase compliance costs. Overall, there is a strong likelihood of new players in the dairy market. Substitutes From the consumers point of view, dairy products may be used directly as food or beverages, or ingredients for other home-made foods. There are a wide range of foods and drinks that can be used in similar ways to dairy products, so if dairy price rise too high, it is easy for consumers to replace them with alternatives. This reduces the pricing freedom of retailers and market players. Some of the alternatives may have advantages for retailers, such as cheaper storage or higher margins. The threat of substitutes is assessed here as strong, although dairy products are important parts of most peoples diet and are unlikely to becompletely replaced. Rivalry The market is fairly fragmented, with the three largest federations accounting for less than 50% of the total market revenues. This decreases rivalry. Furthermore, as dairy products are usually perishable, storage costs are high. Industrial production of dairy products requires substantial, specialized assets, and the need to sell these off when leaving the market translates into high exit costs. Overall, rivalry is moderate. However, as the cooperative federations dominate the market in their home states, retailers have less real choice of dairy product maker than elsewhere, which translates into high switching costs and reduces rivalry. Chapter 3: Profile of the Organization 3:1 Corporate Profile Success is a journey not a destination. Cavin kare began with a young mind choosing the road less taken. In 1983 with a single product, cavin kare started out as a small partnership firm Chik India. In the year 1990, it was promoted as beauty cosmetics pvt ltd and was later renamed as cavin kare pvt ltd CKPL in 1998. With nnovative entrepreneur C. K Ragnathan at the helm, Cavin Kare emerged into a successful enterprise. From an initial investment 15000 cavin kare is an organization INR 5,000 Mil, well known for its quality products and excellent practices. Smart Marketing and clear product positioning not only ensure Cavin Kare’s growth but also help the company broaden its product portfolio extensively. The company now markets 10 major brands such as Chik, Fairever, Nyle, Meera, Spinz,Indica,Ruchi, CHinni, Tex and Karthika. Over the years the company has achived significant milestones and competitive edge with sound understanding of mass marketing dynaimics. The company offers high quality personal care (Hair care, skin care, home care) and food products borne out of a keen understanding of consumer needs and keeping up company’s value of innovation and customer satisfaction. Today, Cavin Kare has established a firm food hold in the national market increasing its popularity in the international arena in the markets such as Sri Lanka Malaysia Bangladesh etc. Cavin Kare has touched a turnover of 5,000 Million INR in 2006-2007. The company has employee strength of 640 and is well known for its people practice. The company invests in People process development. It has all india networks of 1300 stockists catering to about 25 lakh outlets nationally. 3:2 Partnerships 1) Hemlatha Enterprises Pvt. Ltd (HEPL) The media function of the parent company was transformed into M/S Cavin Kare Advertising Pvt LTd. (CKPL) during the late 2000 in order to cater to the parent company, CKPL needs in terms of better media planning negotiations and buying. It also planned to pitch for other clients for other non mass media business so as to function as an independent advertising agency. It started functioning as an agency on records on 29 Sep 2000 to M/s CKPL. 2) Trends In vogue Pvt Ltd Trends in vogue pvt ltd a group company of CKPL came into being on July 2002 with a clear cut focus on providing personal styling and beauty solutions to everyone in the family. The company has pioneered the concept of Family Salons in India with its specialist brands- Lime Lite and Green Trends. With a team of professionals, highly qualified cosmetologists and hair care specialists from its in house institution- trends academy and with the skill base of the Cavin Kare R and D team, trends in vogue offers a range of cosmetics treatments including those made from Natural ingredients. Two major brands under Trends in Vogue: * Limelite * Green trends 3) Maa Fruits Pvt Ltd The company acquired Maa in February 2008 and post which the company is taking efforts in building efficient systems and processes. The plans include changes in packaging and concentrated efforts to build the brand. The brand is being aggressively marketed and distributed through CKPL’s sales network. 4) Cavin Kare Diary Division A new entrant into the line of business under the Cavin Kare Group, the CK diary division started with the acquisition of Prakash Diaries at Kanchipuram. Cavin’s Milk, as the brand is named, launched in Chennai on 13th January 2009. The diary division is currently in the process of vast and rapid expansion. Toned Milk Flavored Milk Full cream milk Standardized Milk Cavin’s Curd Double Tonned Milk Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd 3:3 Brands launched by Cavin Kare Pvt Ltd Chik Shampoo Brand History: Chick was first product to be launched by Cavin Kare in 1983 and it was responsible for popularizing the concept of sachets in the shampoo category. Today 71% of the volume of shampoo comes from sachets, largely due to the contribution of Chik. Chik was the first shampoo to launch a 50 paise sachet in 1999. It further accerlarated the growth of Chik, and it became the second largest shampoo brand in the country in the year 2001. The latest market share of CHik is 18%. The shampoo has launched a new variant of Chik Anti- Dandruff. Competition: The biggest competitor of Chick Shampoo is Clinic Plus, which also entered into the territory of Chik offering 50 paise and 1 rupee sachets in 2002. Target Audience: Chik Shampoo is targeted at Women 18-35 and rural audience. Fairever Brand History: Fairness is a proposition which Indians are obseesed. Till 1998 there was a only major player Fair and Lovely which was monopolizing the market with share of 95% (98% in rural), other players like Revlon Touch and Glow, Ponds Touch and Green, Freya, Fair Plus,Nivea Fairness cream for mass markets. The company then launched the product Fairever and communicated it to the target market as â€Å"Reason to Believe† of delivering fairness. The company converted a simple consumer insight into a proposition that made sense to the target audience. Over the ages consumers believed that ‘intake of saffron and milk by expected mothers helped them to deliver a fair baby. This simple insight was converted into a product proposition and that gave birth to the brand FAIREVER. Target Audience: The fairness cream customer is typically a female. The User is the catergory of B,C,D and the most common age to start using fairness cream is 13-15 years. The target age group is 14 to 35 years. USP of the brand: Get Natural in just 4 weeks. Competitors: Fair Lovely is a big competitor in the market. Other brands such as HLL, Emami, Godrej,Elder,Paras all try to share the same pie. Karthika Meera and Karthika together in Tamil Nadu make up to 90% of the category value while the rest is made up of unbranded players. Karthika’s positioning is to provide affordable hairwah solutions in the hair wash powder front. Meera Powder Using Shikakai for hair wash was a white spread practsie in the South India specially in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The brand Meera was created based on that time tested tradional practice and was launched during 1990 in Tamil Nadu as abranded Shikakai powder. The primary target was on home made Shikakai users. Different variants like Amla, Hibiscus and brand extentions have been tried out over the years but Shikakai remains the top selling variant of the company. Competitors Information: The major competitors are Karthika, Tiger Shikakai and Samrat. Due to Meera’s premium product offering it sees a lot of traffic from premium shampoos like Sunsilk, Clinic Plus and Pantene as well. USP of the Brand: The brand benefit is on â€Å"Healthy hair for years† Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Meera Shampoo The brand launched on June 2001 in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh markets. IT has healthy growth and is currently having 10% market share in AP as on August 2006. Competitors: The major competitors are Clinic Plus, Sunsilk and Pantene. USP: The brand is build on strong and heathy hair for years. Target audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Nyle SHampoo The brand was launched in 1993 in Tamil Nadu and reached market share of 8% in 1999 but has been declining since then. Nyle mainly sells in the north west and east and competes with Ayur, Vatika and SUnsilk shampoos. Target Audience: Female 18 to 35, SEC A, B,C Brand Proposition: Naturally nourishes and moisturizes for soft and shiny hair. Spinz Deo: Brand History Spinz deo comes with long lasting international fragrances sourced from the finest perfumery houses across the world. Consumer Profile: Female 15 to 28 years old. Female, Sec A and B users of Deodrants Urban and mostly college goers, women constantly on the move. Brand Ambassador Actress Genelia D’Souza ( an actress in Bollywood and Kollywood) Competitors The unorganized sector is as big as the organized one. The big players in organsied markets are Rexona, Axe, Eva, Fa, Denim, Nive and Dove. The unorganized sector consists of a lot of brands. Communication lines: â€Å"Enjoy Life nonstop† Spinz Talc Brand History The brand was launched in July 1999 in Andhra Pradesh and later in Tamil Nadu during late 1999. The brand has a good presence in Indian markets. It was relaunched later in 2002 and during this period the brand was extended across India. The brand again was relaunched in Feb 2004 for the second time with packaging upgradation and new theme commercial based on enjoyment platform. Target Audience: Female users of talc powder. In the age gropu of 15 to 35 years. Sec A and B Tex Tex is a brand in the segment of toilet cleaner product and was launched in the November 2005 in Tamil Nadu and achieved 10% market share within 3 months of its launch. Competitors: Harpic is the biggest competitor of the brand. Target audience: Housewives 25 to 45 Sec A B C Food related brands. Ruchi Pickles: The product concentrates on vegetarian pickes of ginger, mango, amla, garlic, etc. Consumer Profile: Unisex- Pickles are both consumer under male and female It is primarily consumed by people of age group 25- 50 years. Present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: The major players are Mothers Recipe, Priya, MTR, Bedekars etc Chinni Masalas Product Variants- Turmeric powder, sambhar powder, chicken masala etc. Consumer Profile: Women in the age group 20 to 45. Present in both urban and semi urban Competitors: Various majors in South India such as Shakti Masala, Aachi Masala and MTR. In North Everest, Badshah and MDH. Chinni’s Pickles: Product: Vegetarian Pickles Variants: Lime, Mango, Tomato garlic in convenient sachets. Consumer Profiles: Unisex- pickles for both male and females. Primarily consumed in the age group of 15 to 50 years Present in Urban and Semi urban and Rural areas. Competitors: Low priced Pickle market is highly fragmented market with influence changing from district to district. Major players are Pandiyan, Kala, Selvan and Ravis. Chinnis Vermicili: Variants: Regular, Payasam Consumer Profile: Unisex, present in both urban and semi urban. Competitors: Bambina, MTR, True and Savourite. Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4:1 Source Method of data collection: For the purpose of this study, the research tool of the questionnaire was prepared to collect the relevant primary data pertaining to the customers buying behavior or general perceptions towards Ultra Heated Milk (UHT). The data collected was based on the random sampling of both UHT milk users and non UHT milk users. Besides, primary data was collected with the help of the questionnaire, the information was also collected through books, magazines, internet and newspapers. 4:2 Methods of data collection: The Primary Data Collection Method such as: * Survey Method * In-depth Interview Survey Method: In this method requisite information is collected through a questionnaire. To collect the information for this project we conducted with help of stratums. In-depth Interview: In this method the views of the customers were gathered on the basis of the questionnaire that was prepared on the feedback collected from the study. The Secondary Data collection method such as: * Magazines * Internet * Research by other players * Online research data * Reference Work 4:3 Sample Design: Sampling Plan: For the purpose of the survey, the information was gathered from various customers of both UHT users and Non users of UHT milk. Sampling Size: Survey Method: Questionnaire = 50 respondents The respondents were segmented into stratums such as:- * House wife * Bachelors * Local Working couples * Local DINKS â€Å"double income no kids† Expats * Students In-depth Interview = 4 respondents Selection of Sampling Unit: Non- probability, convenience sampling Sampling Media: Questionnaire and Personal interview Chapter 5: Data Presentations, Analysis and Interpretation. Table 1 : Comparitive Study of Major Players Brands | Products | Tetra Pack Size | Price | Shelf-Life | Nestle | Nestle Slim | 1 liter Packs | Rs 42 per liter | 120 days | | Nestle Nautral | 1 liter Packs | Rs 40 per liter | 120 days | Amul | Amul Taaza Double Toned Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml | Rs 36 per liter | 180 days | | Amul Lite Slim and Trim Milk | 1 liter, 500 ml, 200 ml | Rs 16 per 200ml | 180 days | Britania | Britannia Milk | 1 liter Pack | Rs. 40 | 120 days | | Slimz Milk | 1 liter pack | Rs 40 | 120 days | Aavin | Standardised Homogenious | 1liter, 500ml | Rs. 39 | 120 days | | Tetra Fino ( Delite) | 500ml | Rs. 18 | 60 days | Nandini | Good life | 500ml | Rs. 17 | 120days | Heritage Foods | Slim Milk | 1 liter | Rs. 38 | 120 days | New players in the markets are Mother Diary Vijaya, available only in Karnataka A. P Table Objective: To study the various SKU’s offered by the various players in the Tamil Nadu market for UHT milk. Table Interpretation: Although the market is niche, there are 6 players in the market who offer various SKU’s to the consumers. And likely there is a very probability for players who o.

The Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. Scott Fitzgerald’s use of flashback in The Great Gatsby proves to be an effective tool in order to reveal information from the characters’ past. These flashbacks are effective because they allow the reader to know and understand the character better before a situation in the novel arises. Three examples of flashbacks that Fitzgerald uses are when Jordan explains to Nick how and when she first met Gatsby on page 79, when Nick explains to the reader how Gatsby got his name and what his childhood was like on page 104, and when Nick explains again to the reader what happened when Gatsby returned from the war on page 160. The placement and effectiveness of these flashbacks allow Fitzgerald to give more background to each character and to allow the reader to better understand the situation that each character is experiencing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of flashback that Fitzgerald provides takes place on page 79. In this flashback, Jordan explains to Nick how she first met Gatsby. She explains to Nick that when the girls were eighteen, he was with Daisy Fay in her â€Å"little white roadster.† This flashback is effective because it gives us an idea of how Daisy and Gatsby’s relationship was purely based on beauty and not friendship. The placement of the above quote was essential because it allows us to experience early in the novel how Gatsby had a relationship with Daisy. This first example of flashback by Fitzgerald proves to be...

Butler Lumber Company Analysis Essay

Based on the information and corresponding financial statements provided, we concluded that: Bulter Lumber Company has to collect money from outside resources to compensate its funding gap of 383,000 USD. From the perspective of banker, we won’t approve Mr.Butler ‘s loan request From the perspective of firm’s financial advisor, it is better to finance from new shareholders than to borrow from bank. II. Analysis i. Funding gap There are three main reasons why Butler Lumber Company has to finance itself through outside resources. Firstly, It was mentioned in the document that Butler is offered a trade discount by suppliers, which is 2/10 with 30 days span of due. However, Mr. Bulter had never been able to use such a discount because of the shortage of funds. Purchase of Stark’s shares and expansion of current business both contribute to the lack of cash. The inability to take advantage of trade discount directly lead to the increase in COGS and further lower down the company’s profitability despite the fact that sales is increasing (statistics shown in table 10). therefore, it would be a wise choice for Mr. Butler to fully utilize the discount to ease his pressure on liquidity and further lower costs to increase profitability. Secondly, the situation of operating efficiency in Butler Lumber Company is worrisome. As showed in table 6, past three years have seen a rise up in days of accounts receivable, from 36.7 to 40.2 days, indicating that for every one receivable dollar , the company needs 40.2 days to collect from customers. Consequentially, the same increase applies to days of accounts payable which is rising sharply from 37 to 47.9 days. It means that for every payable dollar, the company needs 47.9 days to pay back. This combine contributes to the inefficiency of operating turnover which is of vital importance for a trade company. Therefore, in order to avoid illiquidity resulted from suddenly change of macroeconomic and support company’s continuous growth, Mr. Butler has to increase cash to buffer itself. Thirdly, We also noticed that notes payable should reach a higher level (382,000 USD) if the assumed sales volume (3,600,000 USD)of 1991 is to be achieved. We use statistics of 1990 as basis and calculate the proportion of some accounts to net sales. then we apply these proportion to forecast the income statement and balance sheet for 1991(the calculation process is shown in Table 3 ).since the amount of notes payable in 1990 should be paid back by the end of 1991, so the ending number of note payable in 1991 should be the amount of newly borrowed money from bank .In other words, to realize the sales goal, another 382,000 USD should be financed. Therefore, we disagreed with previously estimated amount of 465,000 USD by Butler and Dodge and we recommend a lower amount of 382,000 USD is enough to sustain the daily operations of the company for the whole year. ii. Prospective from banker Based on the grades of credit, capacity and collateral, we perceive the risks for lending money overwhelm the benefits and decide to veto Butler’s application for the loan. We evaluate Butler Lumber Company’s application for loan through grading the credit, capacity and collateral with three levels: poor, normal, and great. (1) Credit For small businesses, the character of the entrepreneur is very essential. Our customary investigation found out Butler is an energetic man totally dedicated to his business. Barker Company, one of Butler’s large suppliers, reckoned he possesses sound judgment and a willingness to devote into his work and keeps close eye on his own credit. Moreover, there is no evidence evincing Butler involving any delinquent event. Generally, we believe Butler is a reliable business man. However, the financial data of Butler Lumber Company is not that palatable. The company is mired by the debt (table 9). As of 1990, the current liability is 535,000, equivalent to 19.86% of net sale. In fact, leverage ratio is worsening during last three years. The ratio of debt and equity surges from 1.2 in 1988 to 1.68 in 1990. What’s more, the operation efficiency (table 6)still has room to elevate. Average account receivable days are too long. Account payable keeps ascending. To sum up, we give Bu tler a grade of â€Å"Normal†. (2) Capacity With regard to the capacity for repay the loan, we mainly consider the company’s profitability 〠coverage ratios and liquidity ratios In this aspect, the company’s performance is somewhat disappointing (table 10). The net sale reached 2,694,000 dollar in 1990 with a strategy mixed price competition and control of operating expenses and costs. Yet net profit margin experienced a downward trend during last three year. In addition, the liquidity is worsening (table 8). Both the ratio of EBIT/Interest expense and the current ratio slumped from 3.85 to 2.61 and from 1.8 to 1.45 respectively during last three years. Hence, our conclusion is Butler’s company is quite risky deserved a grade of â€Å"Poor†. (3) Collateral Until the end of 1990, the net property of the company is worth approximately 157,000 dollars. Butler held jointly with his wife equity in their house, which had cost 72,000 dollar in 1979, yet was mortgaged for 38000 dollar. These entire assets together amounts 190,000 dollars. If we lend 465,000 dollar to Butler and collect all his asset as collateral, the ratio of loan to value(LTV) is 40.86%, which is unacceptable. Thus, when it comes to collateral, we have to render a â€Å"Poor† to Butler. iii. Prospective from financial advisor As Mr. Butler’s financial advisors, instead of encouraging Mr. Butler to go ahead with debt financing, we recommend that it is more favorable to financing through new shareholders for the following reasons. Firstly, as the analysis showed above, we understand it is not that easy for the company to borrow money from banks. Even we successfully reach the agreement with bankers, we may subject to very severe debenture, which may form obstacles for company’s further development. Secondly, indictors of operating return, such as ROE and ROIC, both show a steady increase during the past three years. ROE increased from 11.48% to 12.64%, a 10% gain. ROIC jumped from 12.90% to 19.01%, an increase of 47.4%. These two ratios indicate that the company has earned on its past investments and it is able to find investment opportunities that are very profitable. These ratios may be attractive to introduce new shareholders. Hence, we suggested that it is better for the company to finance by equity than by debt. Moreover, the joint of new shareholders in the management team can help to improve the management and operation of the company, especially in the aspect of inventory and credit policy. III. Appendix Table 1 – Income Statement Table 2 – Common Size Income Statement Table 3 – Balance Sheet Table 4 – Common Size Balance Sheet Table 5 – Free Cash Flow to Firm Table 6 – Operating Efficiency Table 7 – Operating Returns Table 8 – Liquidity Ratio Table 9 – Leverage Ratio Table 10 – Profitability Ratio

Steryotypes Of Teenagers

I am writing to inform you about how I feel when I see certain articles that have been published in your newspaper. Most of these articles are about teenagers with a lot of negative coverage. I hope through this letter that you will understand what so many teenagers feel when reading the negative articles that YOU publish. Hopefully, after this letter you won’t ever stereotype anyone without full information about them again. It was just last week that I was reading a copy of ‘The Sun’ when my eyes focussed on this one article, it was titled ‘Jeremy’s ‘Happy Slap’ Ordeal’.My eye then alighted on Jeremy Clarkson’s face, (the guy from Top Gear) and that I think just spurred me on to read more. I didn’t really know what to expect but honestly I had no idea this was about teenagers. Whilst reading this article I realized something was wrong. Usually when you have an article like this in the newspapers there’s alway s two points of view. Normally the two parties or persons involved have a say, but this particular article shows extreme bias.We simply hear Jeremy’s point of view and leave the teenagers opinions unheard. Personally I think this is very unfair, when journalists do things like this, it’s not right; it’s actually very sly and manipulative. You instantly portray Clarkson as ‘our man†¦ the victim’ and the others as ‘a gang of teenage thugs’. How are reader’s going to have a balanced view of the situation, when this is how you set the article up? There is one quote in the article about police which I am angry about, which is â€Å"the police?Oh come on they are too busy filling in health and safety forms and processing speeding fines†. This quote irritates me dramatically because frankly it’s not true. The, I see them police are not too busy with speeding fines or health and safety forms. I always see police when I go out dealing with young drunk men or people brawling in the street. This tells me that Jeremy was wrong about the police. Jeremy Clarkson has obviously been brainwashed by the media.He’s just making assumptions about stuff, like most famous people do, because unlike some people he doesn’t have the decency to go and talk to teenagers and find out the truth, or maybe there aren’t any brains in his head. Either that or HIS parents didn’t bring him up properly. His parents probably didn’t teach him basic manners and he doesn’t know what being polite is. Interestingly enough, as I was reading on I noticed how conceited and arrogant he was when discussing the parenting skills of these teenagers.Jeremy states that ‘Nothing can be done about the parents because they are too thick’. Yes, he is attempting to be humorous, but there is truth, in his eyes, in what he is saying and it is offensive! I strongly disagree with him because pare nts have the intelligence to do anything for their kids and help them through their lives. I was actually very enraged at this, I can tell you that my parents are NOT and I repeat NOT thick. Rather they are very intelligent because to raise a baby into a grown female/male with basic manners and high morals takes a lot.I can understand why he is thinking like this because he didn’t have a very happy ending of the encounter with the teens but common who needs all of the aggression? He starts off by branding teenagers as brutal thugs who love drink a lot of cider and love to stab passers-by. When i read this i feel really outraged that he has the audacity to say such things, I mean how the hell does he know all teenagers are like this. I can confirm to you that i am a teenager and me and my friends don’t drink vast quantities of alcohol or love to stab passers-by as a hobby.I have to say he is being really ignorant because he’s trying to make teenagers look all vio lent and what’s really weird is that the teens didn’t touch him but he just thought he’d just grab the ringleader by the scruff of his neck. Now what do you call that? I say that’s what you would call a ‘middle age thug’. Now there is no way you can disagree with me he was the aggressor there, he just assumed it was ok to enforce violence on a group of teens who hadn’t even touched him.

Geography for Kids

Geography for Kids ThoughtCo includes a large collection of resources that are appropriate for children. This article provides easy access to the best of our resources for kids who are aspiring geographers, have a geography quiz coming up at school, or are part of a bee. Geography 101 As a starting point, Geography 101 provides a bunch of information about geography with links to articles all over ThoughtCo. Among others, youll find information on these topics: The definition of geography.The history of geography.The different branches and divisions of geography.Information on studying geography and working as a geographer. Preparing for the Geography Bee The National Geography Bee is for kids in the fourth through eighth grade. Kids can learn about the Bee and how to prepare. If your school is one of the 1,000 that participate in the Geography Bee, the information and links in this article can help your students prepare. All About Geography This article teaches kids some of the important basics of geography and answers questions such as these: What is geography?How does geography differ from geology?What do geographers do?How does one become a geographer? Basic Earth Facts This page for kids includes a listing of fun facts about the planet earth such as these: The size of the earth.The number of countries on our planet.The highest and lowest points on the surface of the earth.The age of the earth.And, more... Geography Quiz Think youre a geography expert? While this quiz might be a challenge to most kids, the true geographic fanatic will appreciate the challenge. Both kids and adults will test the depth of their geographic knowledge with these fifteen questions. U.S. State Capitals This is a great resource for kids who need to memorize the United States state capitals for their geography class. From Juneau (Alaska) to Augusta (Maine), youll find every capital along with population, education, and income information for each city.   Capitals of Every Country This listing is a great reference for kids studying the countries in geography class. Did you know that Yerevan is the capital of Armenia or that Paramaribo is the capital of Suriname? This article can help you brush up on your knowledge of important world cities. All About Physical Geography Physical geography is the branch of the science with which most people are familiar. It includes the study of  climates, flora, and fauna, the atmosphere, landscape features, erosion, and more. This article gives an overview of the physical geography and provides numerous links to further information. All About Cultural Geography Geography isnt all about mountains, bodies of water, and other physical features of the earth. With this article, youll learn about the human side of geography. Youll learn how languages, economics, governmental structures, and even the arts are connected to the physical features of our world. We hope these resources help you and your kids learn geography. Enjoy!

The Domestication of Maize in America

The Domestication of Maize in America Maize (Zea mays) is a plant of enormous modern-day economic importance as foodstuff and alternative energy source. Scholars agree that maize was domesticated from the plant teosinte (Zea mays spp. parviglumis) in central America at least as early 9,000 years ago. In the Americas, maize is called corn, somewhat confusingly for the rest of the English-speaking world, where corn refers to the seeds of any grain, including barley, wheat or rye. The process of maize domestication radically changed it from its origins. The seeds of wild teosinte are encased in hard shells and arranged on a spike with five to seven rows, a spike that shatters when the grain is ripe to disperse its seed. Modern maize has hundreds of exposed kernels attached to a cob which is completely covered by husks and so cannot reproduce on its own. The morphological change is among the most divergent of speciation known on the planet, and it is only recent genetic studies that have proven the connection. The earliest undisputed domesticated maize cobs are from Guila Naquitz cave in Guerrero, Mexico, dated about 4280-4210 cal BC. The earliest starch grains from domesticated maize have been found in the Xihuatoxtla Shelter, in the Rio Balsas valley of Guerrero, dated to ~9,000 cal BP. Theories of Maize Domestication Scientists have put forward two main theories about the rise of maize. The teosinte model argues that maize is a genetic mutation direct from teosinte in the lowlands of Guatemala. The hybrid origin model states that maize originated in the Mexican highlands as a hybrid of diploid perennial teosinte and early-stage domesticated maize. Eubanks has suggested a parallel development within the Mesoamerican interaction sphere between lowland and highland. Recently starch grain evidence has been discovered in Panama suggesting the use of maize there by 7800-7000 cal BP, and the discovery of wild teosinte growing in the Balsas river region of Mexico has lent support to that model. The Xihuatoxtla rockshelter in the Balsas river region reported in 2009 was discovered to contain domesticated maize starch granules in occupation levels dated to the Paleoindian period, more than 8990 cal BP. That suggests that maize may have been domesticated by hunter-gatherers thousands of years before it became a staple of peoples diets. The Spread of Maize Eventually, maize spread out from Mexico, probably by the diffusion of seeds along trade networks rather than migration of people. It was used in the southwestern United States by about 3,200 years ago, and in the eastern United States beginning about 2,100 years ago. By 700 AD, maize was well established up into the Canadian shield. DNA studies suggest that purposeful selection for various traits continued throughout this period, leading to the wide variety of species today. For example, 35 different races of maize have been identified in pre-Columbian Peru, including popcorns, flint varieties, and varieties for specific uses, such as chicha beer, textile dyes, and flour. Agricultural Traditions As maize was spread outside of its roots in central America, it became part of already existing agricultural traditions, such as the Eastern Agricultural complex, which included pumpkin (Cucurbita sp), chenopodium and sunflower (Helianthus). The earliest direct-dated maize in the northeast is the 399–208 cal BC, in the Finger Lakes region of New York, at the Vinette site. Other early appearances are Meadowcroft Rockshelter Archaeological Sites Important to Maize Archaeological sites of importance to the discussion of maize domestication include Central America:  Ã‚  Xihuatoxtla Shelter  (Guerrero, Mexico), Guila Naquitz (Oaxaca, Mexico) and  Coxcatlan Cave  (Tehuacan, Mexico)Southwest USA:  Bat Cave  (New Mexico),  Gatecliff Shelter  (Nevada)Midwest USA: Newt Kash Hollow (Tennesee)Northeast USA: Vinette (New York), Schultz (Michigan), Meadowcroft (Pennsylvania) Some Recent Maize Studies This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to  Plant  Domestications,  and part of the  Dictionary of Archaeology. Carpenter Slavens J, and Snchez G. 2013.  Los cambios ambientales del Holoceno Medio/ Holoceno Tardà ­o en el desierto de Sonora y sus implicaciones en la diversificacià ³n del Yuto-aztecano y la difusià ³n del maà ­z.  Dilogo Andino  41:199-210. Ellwood EC, Scott MP, Lipe WD, Matson RG, and Jones JG. 2013.  Stone-boiling maize with limestone: experimental results and implications for nutrition among SE Utah preceramic groups.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(1):35-44. Freeman, Jacob. Crop Specialization, Exchange and Robustness in a Semi-arid Environment. Human Ecology, John M. Anderies, Andrea Torvinen, et al., Volume 42, Issue 2, SpringerLink, January 29, 2014. Gil AF, Villalba R, Ugan A, Cortegoso V, Neme G, Michieli CT, Novellino P, and Durn V. 2014.  Isotopic evidence on human bone for declining maize consumption during the little ice age in central western Argentina. Journal of Archaeological Science 49(0):213-227. Grimstead DN, Buck SM, Vierra BJ, and Benson LV. 2015.  Another possible source of archeological maize found in Chaco Canyon, NM: The Tohatchi Flats area, NM, USA.  Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports  3:181-187. Haas J, Creamer W, Huamn Mesà ­a L, Goldstein D, Reinhard KJ, and Vergel Rodrà ­guez C. 2013.  Evidence for maize (Zea mays) in the Late Archaic (3000-1800 B.C.) in the Norte Chico region of Peru.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  110(13):4945-4949. Hart JP, and Lovis WA. 2013. Reevaluating What We Know About the Histories of Maize in Northeastern North America: A Review of Current Evidence. Journal of Archaeological Research  21(2):175-216 Killion TW. 2013.  Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity.  Current Anthropology  54(5):596-606. Matsuda, Masahiko. Upland Farming Systems Coping with Uncertain Rainfall in the Central Dry Zone of Myanmar: How Stable is Indigenous Multiple Cropping Under Semi-Arid Conditions? Human Ecology 41, ResearchGate, December 2013. Reed PF, and Geib PR. 2013.  Sedentism, Social Change, Warfare, and the Bow in the Ancient Pueblo Southwest.  Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews  22(3):103-110. Snchez-Pà ©rez S, Solleiro-Rebolledo E, Sedov S, de Tapia EM, Golyeva A, Prado B, and Ibarra-Morales E. 2013.  The Black San Pablo Paleosol of the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico: Pedogenesis, Fertility, and Use in Ancient Agricultural and Urban Systems.  Geoarchaeology  28(3):249-267. Shillito, Lisa-Marie. Grains of truth or transparent blindfolds? A review of current debates in archaeological phytolith analysis. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Volume 22, Issue 1, SpringerLink, January 2013. Thompson V, Gremillion K, and Pluckhahn T. 2013.  Challenging the Evidence for Prehistoric Wetland Maize Agriculture at Fort Center, Florida.  American Antiquity  78(1):181-193. VanDerwarker A, Marcoux J, and Hollenbach K. 2013.  Farming and Foraging at the Crossroads: The Consequences of Cherokee and European Interaction Through the Late Eighteenth Century.  American Antiquity  78(1):68-88. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013.  Maize, beans and the floral isotopic diversity of highland Oaxaca, Mexico.  Journal of Archaeological Science  40(2):868-873.

Utilitarianism on Terminating Employees versus Truthful Environmental Essay

Utilitarianism on Terminating Employees versus Truthful Environmental Reporting - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that a rule utilitarian might assert that the best rule is one that favors shareholder interests in the long run which entails following government policies about emission levels because doing so protects the latter’s long-term interest. A company cannot exist and will not stay long without shareholders, so their happiness matters the most in this scenario. Furthermore, thinking about their interests can also satisfy the interests of workers for having lasting jobs, so this rule is not entirely bad for the interest of the many. However, shareholder happiness must not be based on temporary goal fulfillment but on long-term interests. John Stuart Mill asserts that the quality of happiness matters in making the right decisions. He believes that humans are rational creatures who use â€Å"higher faculties† and â€Å"nobler feelings† to make the best decisions for their happiness. This case demands high-level thinking about th e long-term good of shareholders which includes not breaking laws. If the author will not publish the report and the environmental agency of the department finds out that the emission levels next year surpass the legal limits, the government will close factory operations which will detrimentally affect shareholders and employees alike.   The decision to publish the report is important in ensuring that the company will follow policies on emissions levels and find the best technology to comply with them.   A rule utilitarian might suggest going ahead and publishing the report so that the company can prepare for buying the latest technology, even if it is expensive because it will prevent future problems that will harm shareholder interest more.

Immortal Beloved (the story of Beethoven's life, with an emphasis on Essay

Immortal Beloved (the story of Beethoven's life, with an emphasis on romance - Essay Example er and life of the man whose letter contained the words of the title, Ludwig Van Beethoven, the famous composer of the late 18th/early 19th centuries. The film starts with Beethoven’s death. Schindler was his secretary and is charged with settling Beethoven’s final affairs. As he sorts through the various documents left behind, he discovers an old love letter, written in Beethoven’s hand, to someone he calls simple his ‘Immortal Beloved’. The woman is never provided with any further identification, but Schindler runs around Europe attempting to discover who this woman was. As he travels, he talks to many women who played a part in Beethoven’s life. Flashbacks from the women’s memories help to illustrate Beethoven’s life and reveal some of his brilliance, inspiration and imagination. His music provides the musical score. Through this exploration, a great deal is revealed about the composer and his times. The film portrays Beethoven as a sensitive madman, obsessed with his music and with women, in nearly equal order. As the movie is presented, it can be neatly divided into three main segments, each detailing the flashback memory of a different candidate for Beethoven’s beloved. In each one, some aspect of the composer is brought into sharper focus. While the focus of the story is on Beethoven’s love life, it also illustrates how he is also obsessed with the idea of turning his nephew Karl into his own prodigy. The battle that ensues over this child reaches epic proportions, finally forcing Countess Anna Maria Erdody to stand up against Beethoven in court. Besides this countess and Johanna, Karl’s mother, the other woman who is seen to play a big role in Beethoven’s life is Countess Giulietta Guicciardi, his patron and student. There are other women as well; making it difficult to determine just who Beethoven might have meant in his letter, but that is the point. The film, as in real life, never conclusively identifies one woman

Stress coping in people with HIV positive Essay

Stress coping in people with HIV positive - Essay Example After discussing the possible treatment and prevention approaches used in people with HIV, strategic ways on how health care professionals can enable them to cope with the psychological distress associated with the disease will be thoroughly discussed. By going through a personal reflection, the health situation will be applied in Hong Kong particularly on how the HK government is promoting safer sex practice. The fact that HIV infection is a life-threatening disease is already considered as a major source of stress among the HIV infected individuals. (Riggs, Vosvick, & Stalling, 2007) Individuals who were informed by their physicians that ‘they only have few months to live’ could negatively affect the physical functioning, psychological, social, and emotional well-being of the person. As a result, some of the HIV infected people loses their hope to be treated and cured from the disease. HIV infected individuals would tend to withdraw from their social life aside from putting an end to their relationship with their love ones (Wadland & Gleeson, 1991). In most cases, there is a strong possibility for HIV infected individuals to unconsciously use other maladaptive coping strategies including denial, disengagement, and/or abusing the use of illegal substances (Gore-Felton et al., 2006; Komiti et al., 2003). Aside from the having the thought that the life span of HIV infected individuals is already limited, it is likely that these individuals would seek medical assistance from professional medical team. Basically, the cost of treating and promoting a better quality life for HIV infected individuals can be very costly not only on the part of the HIV infected individual himself but also to his family members. In line with the high cost of medical intervention, we can consider the financial burden of becoming infected with HIV as

Effect of Csr Activities on Sales Essay Example for Free

Effect of Csr Activities on Sales Essay Reasons for this can be multinational corporations’ increasing influence on world economy as well as scandals revealing horrible working conditions in different industries. In spite of the fact that the demand for CSR is growing, there has always been critics. The most influential critic is Noble Prize winner Milton Friedman, who claims CSR to be a waste of stockholders’ money. However, several articles claim, opposite Friedman, that CSR rather increases a company’s financial performance in the long run. These claims have made us curious about in what way CSR is related to a company’s performance. Moreover, it has led to us wanting to find out how CSR can influence customer perceptions on a product or service offering. Conclusions –All the initiatives gave a positive influence on the respondents’ perceptions, but the ones resulting in the most positive changes of the perceptions and willingness to buy were social responsible business practises, cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, which are initiatives where the company are doing the largest effort instead of just encouraging others to make an effort. The respondents answered that they trust the companies’ information about CSR to some extent, but also think a third party should scrutinise the companies’ activities and inform. The most favourable channel for CSR information was from environmental organisations, government organisations and the third party web media. Therefore it seems like the respondents value that the companies provide information, but are not too forward and pushing the information on them by for example advertisements. Keywords : CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility, Cause promotion, Cause-related marketing, Corporate social marketing, Corporate philanthropy, Community volunteering, Social responsible business practices. Introduction: CSR is today a frequently used concept, as companies to a larger extent are held accountable for what is happening in the society. The company should also inform the stakeholders about their CSR activities in an appropriate way, in order to capitalise from all possible benefits. In order to make a trustworthy impression and gain the most benefits, the choice of CSR activity and way of communication is crucial for the company, and therefore the perceptions of the consumers are very important to know more about and understand. In the last decade tendencies towards a more social aware community have been strong. In itself these trends are nothing that is particularly new. People have always preached for problems like public health, wildlife protection, prevention of child labor etc. What is different now is that companies to a larger extent are held accountable for what is happening in our society. Companies that engage in CSR activities are likely to have different motives for doing so. Many researches claim that corporate social responsibility originally consists of activities that a company performs out of commitment and duty. However, there are also commercial motives for CSR activities. For example CSR activities may result in advantages when it comes to receiving funding, recruiting new employees, cost reductions etc. To capitalise from all possible advantages it is crucial for the company to communicate their CSR work in an appropriate way. Theoretical Framework: Types of CSR Activities: a) Cause promotion Cause promotion is often done in the way that the company provide funds, contribute financially or with any other resource, with the objective to increase awareness, support fundraising or participation, or to recruit volunteers for a specific cause. In this initiative persuasive communications are important, to create concern and to persuade people to contribute or participate to support the cause. In successful campaigns use of motivating messages and the choice of effective media channels are crucial. They also make use of publicity, printed materials, special events, web sites, advertising, featuring the logo and key message of the company and those who represent the cause. Further methods are employee involvement, messages on product labelling and to provide store space for promotions. Many of the potential benefits are marketing related, like strengthened brand positioning and preference, increased traffic and consumer loyalty.

Oedipus, The Movie Essay -- Film Oedipus the King

Oedipus, The Movie After reading the play Oedipus the King, I had various expectations related to how the movie should be performed. The stage presentation of the story fulfilled some of my expectations but failed to satisfy others. Most importantly, the performance was an accurate rendering of the play. The characters in the movie were developed effectively and were portrayed precisely as I had perceived them. I thought that the movie lacked qualities including stage design, clothing, and background music. However, these facets of the performance are insignificant because the story is so powerful that it does not need attractive costumes or ostentatious props to support it. The foundation of the play is its intriguing story and thorough development of characters. The movie was very faithful to the play; it followed the story of the book nearly verbatim. The film clarified many parts of the play that I did not fully understand. For example, I found that being able to visually identify the speaker was quite helpful in many circumstances. The movie provided a constant ...